Pleuroscopy is a medical technique involving the insertion of a scope (called a pleuroscope) into the pleural cavity through an incision created between the ribs. This is the fluid-filled area between the lungs' two membranes (pleura). Pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive treatment performed under anaesthesia to diagnose lung diseases such as lung cancer or tuberculosis or to treat the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion).